Corporate governance has become one of the key and strategic topics in contemporary management over the past two decades, such that the quality of corporate governance determines the level of transparency, accountability, and integrity of organizations. In entrepreneurial businesses, the importance of this issue is even greater than in large and mature companies, as startups and new ventures operate under conditions of high uncertainty, resource scarcity, flexible structures, and environmental risks. The methodology adopted in this research is a qualitative–quantitative approach, in which the qualitative phase employs the grounded theory method, and the quantitative phase utilizes the FDAHP technique. To identify the components, interviews were conducted with 14 experts, and open, axial, and selective coding were applied. The qualitative results of this study led to the identification of 61 effective components, and after executing three rounds of the fuzzy Delphi method with a grounded theory approach, a total of 28 influencing components on the corporate governance process of entrepreneurial businesses were identified. These include ownership structure; transparent financial reporting; strategic planning; mechanisms for resolving stakeholder conflicts; ensuring financial sustainability; financial and ownership transparency; preventive and supportive measures; technological factors; effective communication; board meeting processes, and others.